Protectionism & Constraints

RUSSIAN UPDATE – Changes in Russian Foreign Investment Regulations To Ease Restrictions

Executive Summary/Highlights: On November 16, 2011, President Dmitry Medvedev signed into law amendments to the Federal Statute “On the Procedure of Foreign Investment in Businesses with Strategic Importance for the Defense of the Country and the Security of the State” (Strategic Companies Statute). The amendments are expected to ease the stringent restrictions that Russia puts … Continued

Editors’ Note:  Dimitry Afanasiev is Chairman of the Partners Committee at Egorov Puginsky Afanasiev & Partners and a member of XBMA’s Legal Roundtable.  Mr. Afanasiev, a widely recognized leading international lawyer and business advisor, serves on the board of United Company RUSAL and is founding member of the Russian – American Business Council.   This paper is authored by Arkady Krasnikhin, Partner, and Viatcheslav Yugay, Associate, at Egorov Puginsky Afanasiev &Partners.  As one of Russia’s leading M&A experts, Arkady Krasnikhin has significant experience in representing major Russian and foreign giants on acquisitions of stakes, structuring complex corporate transactions and advising on inward investment regulations in different sectors including oil & gas and metallurgical sector.

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UK UPDATE – A Guide to Takeovers in the United Kingdom

Executive summary:  The linked memorandum is a general guide to takeovers of UK incorporated and listed companies subject to The City Code on Takeovers and Mergers.  It first describes the UK bodies which regulate takeovers of such companies and then summarizes the more important legislation and rules under which they do so. Click here to … Continued

Editors’ Note:  Nigel Boardman’s October 3, 2011 post focused on the UK’s response to the Cadbury takeover, through adoption of a revised edition of the UK Takeover Code on September 19, 2011.  This follow-up post provides Slaughter and May’s updated Guide to Takeovers in the UK, a valuable reference based on Slaughter’s leadership and deep expertise in the area.

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CHINESE UPDATE – The Most Recent Challenges to the VIE Structure for Foreign Investment in China

Executive Summary/Highlights: Reuters reported on Sept. 18, 2011 that CSRC, the Chinese securities market regulatory watchdog, submitted a report urging the State Council to “clamp down” on  the VIE structures employed in thousands of investments by foreigners into domestic Chinese companies. The VIE structure was adopted to gain access to the sectors where China had … Continued

Editors’ Note:  Adam Li (Li Qi) is a partner at Jun He and a member of XBMA’s Legal Roundtable.  Mr. Li is a leading expert in international M&A, capital market and international financial transactions involving Chinese companies. He has broad experience with VIEs and other structures for foreign investment in China.  This paper provides a second perspective on the challenge to the VIE structure discussed in Ms. Xu Ping’s recent paper.

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U.S. UPDATE – Checklist for Successful Acquisitions in the U.S.

Executive Summary/Highlights: U.S.M&A volume over the last 12 months was just shy of US$1 trillion, including almost $200 billion of cross-border acquisitions in theU.S.by non-U.S. investors or acquirors. Despite some well-publicized examples of thwarted deals and fears of growing protectionism, theU.S.deal markets remain open to non-U.S. acquirors and investors.  The Obama Administration’s nascent plan to … Continued

Editors’ Note:  This submission updates a checklist co-authored by Messrs. Emmerich and Panovka, members of XBMA’s Legal Roundtable, with their partners at Wachtell Lipton, Scott K. Charles, David A. Katz, Ilene Knable Gotts, Andrew J. Nussbaum, Joshua R. Cammaker, Mark Gordon and Joshua M. Holmes.

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CHINESE UPDATE – Variable Interest Entity (VIE) Structure for Foreign Investment in the PRC May Face Challenge

Executive Summary/Highlights: The VIE structure (i.e. reliance upon contractual arrangements to control a PRC operating company) has been a popular structure in the last decade for both foreign and Chinese investors alike. A number of recent cases involving companies using a VIE structure have exposed the inherent defects and potential legal and regulatory risks inherent … Continued

Editors’ Note:  Xu Ping is a partner at King & Wood and a member of XBMA’s Legal Roundtable. Ms. Xu heads King & Wood’s corporate practice and is a leading expert in representing international companies in their investments in China, with extensive experience in structuring foreign direct investment, M&A and technology transfer transactions.

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BRAZILIAN UPDATE – Recent Restrictions on Foreign Investment in Agribusiness in Brazil Could Have Broader Implications for Cross-Border Acquisitions of Brazilian Companies that own Land

Executive Summary/Highlights: An August 2010 legal opinion of the Federal Attorney-General of Brazil (Advocacia Geral da União) extended the Brazilian law that restricts the acquisition of rural land by foreigners to apply also to acquisitions of land by Brazilian companies controlled by foreigners. As a result, cross-border change of control transactions involving Brazilian companies that … Continued

Editors’ Note:  Antônio Corrêa Meyer is a founding partner of Machado Meyer and a member of XBMA’s Legal Roundtable.   Mr. Meyer is one of Brazil’s leading experts in the internationalization processes of Brazilian companies, mergers and acquisitions, and large infrastructure projects, all of which might be affected by the opinion discussed in this paper.

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ITALIAN UPDATE – Formation of New Italian Fund to Protect Italian National Champions, in Reaction to the Takeover of Italy’s Parmalat by France’s Lactalis

Executive summary: The recent acquisition of Parmalat — one of the biggest Italian listed companies — by the French dairy group Lactalis, caused a huge debate in the financial and political communities in Italy. Lactalis’ bid was initially met with stiff Italian resistance, including encouragement of potential local “white knights,” issuance of an emergency decree … Continued

Editors' Note: Alberto Saravalle and Umberto Nicodano are senior partners of Bonelli Erede Pappalardo and members of XBMA's Legal Roundtable. As two of Italy’s leading M&A practitioners, they bring an invaluable perspective to Italy's reaction to the Parmalat takeover, which differs markedly from the UK's reaction to the Cadbury takeover discussed in Nigel Boardman’s recent paper. This paper raises interesting questions about the defensive use of Sovereign Wealth Funds, which is sure to be a topic of discourse in the coming years.

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UK UPDATE – Changes Adopted to UK Takeover Regime to Strengthen Position of UK Targets, Prompted by Kraft’s Successful Hostile Takeover of Cadbury

Executive summary: A revised edition of the UK Takeover Code took effect on 19 September 2011. The revisions were prompted by Kraft’s hostile takeover of Cadbury in 2010, which triggered debate about the weak position of UK target companies. The revised Code introduces rules to strengthen the target’s position, namely an enforced “put up or … Continued

Editors’ Note: Nigel Boardman is a partner at Slaughter and May and a founding director of XBMA.  As one of the leading M&A lawyers in the UK, Mr. Boardman’s perspective on the UK’s response to the Cadbury takeover is informed by broad experience in a range of significant solicited and unsolicited cross-border transactions over many years.  Mr. Boardman’s paper is the first in a series of posts that will focus on various jurisdictions’ reactions to foreign takeovers of important domestic companies.

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XBMA – Quarterly Review for Q1 2011

The attached slides summarize trends in cross-border M&A and strategic investment activity throughout the first quarter of 2011.   Highlights: Global M&A volume for Q1 2011 was US$671.8 billion, up 29.5% as compared to Q1 2010. Cross-border transactions have rebounded substantially from 2009: 38% of Q1 2011 global M&A was cross-border — up slightly from … Continued

Editor's Note: This is an example of the type of post and content the XBMA Forum seeks to showcase.

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