Highlights: Recently, the Competition Commission of India (“CCI”) has been imposing significant penalties in the range of 5% to 10% of the turnover of enterprises violating India’s Competition Act, 2002. In one cartel case, CCI imposed a penalty equivalent to 50% of the profits made by the concerned enterprises. CCI’s increasing penchant for imposing significant … Continued
Highlights: Along with the global economic and financial crisis, a string of frauds resulted in the introduction of stricter corporate governance mechanisms in India, with additional requirements, including in the pending Companies Bill, under consideration. While these changes were expected to plug new holes found in the existing regulations, there was also growing realization that … Continued
Executive summary: The following article Trends in Merger Control analyses the principles and trends enunciated by the Competition Commission of India (“CCI”) in the merger control orders passed to date. Introduction: Legal Framework The merger control regime in India is governed by the provisions of the Competition Act, 2002 (“Act”) along with the Competition Commission … Continued
Executive Summary/Highlights: Japanese legal hurdles to cross-border exchange offers or triangular mergers have deterred Japanese acquirers from using their stock in cross-border acquisitions. A recent amendment to the Law on Special Measures for Industrial Revitalization and Innovation, which took effect on July 1, 2011, introduces a new path to facilitate exchange offers by Japanese firms … Continued
Executive Summary/Highlights: The recently amended Korean Commercial Code (“KCC”), which will become effective April 15, 2012, includes an array of provisions that aim for more flexibility and transparency in corporate management, such as by introducing new forms of business entities and diverse types of stock, relaxing restrictions on dividend payments, and prohibiting the appropriation of … Continued
Executive Summary/Highlights: Reuters reported on Sept. 18, 2011 that CSRC, the Chinese securities market regulatory watchdog, submitted a report urging the State Council to “clamp down” on the VIE structures employed in thousands of investments by foreigners into domestic Chinese companies. The VIE structure was adopted to gain access to the sectors where China had … Continued
Executive Summary/Highlights: The VIE structure (i.e. reliance upon contractual arrangements to control a PRC operating company) has been a popular structure in the last decade for both foreign and Chinese investors alike. A number of recent cases involving companies using a VIE structure have exposed the inherent defects and potential legal and regulatory risks inherent … Continued
Executive Summary/Highlights: New regulations overhaul the Indian takeover regime, increase transparency, and represent a significant improvement. One of the key changes is the new principle-based treatment accorded to “indirect” acquisitions, where a substantial acquisition of shares, voting rights or control of a target company occurs indirectly through the acquisition of shares or control of an … Continued
How China Reset Its Global Acquisition Agenda, by Peter J. Williamson and Anand P. Raman Executive Summary/Highlights: The first wave of cross-border takeovers by Chinese companies, between 2000 and 2007, was unsuccessful because of a number of strategic and tactical mistakes, including pursuit of inexpensive deals and troubled companies that were difficult to turn around; … Continued
Executive Summary/Highlights: As at June 2011, overall M&A activity in Singapore was up 40.8 per cent to US$23.3 billion, making it the busiest half-year opening since 2008. The rise has been driven by various factors, not least the amount of capital funds flowing into South-East Asia. Singapore recently liberalized its banking regulations to allows banks … Continued
